from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
from datetime import tzinfo
from typing import Optional
from typing import TypeVar
from typing import overload

import pendulum

from pendulum.helpers import local_time
from pendulum.helpers import timestamp
from pendulum.utils._compat import _HAS_FOLD

from .exceptions import AmbiguousTime
from .exceptions import NonExistingTime
from .zoneinfo import read
from .zoneinfo import read_file
from .zoneinfo.transition import Transition


POST_TRANSITION = "post"
PRE_TRANSITION = "pre"
TRANSITION_ERROR = "error"

_datetime = datetime
_D = TypeVar("_D", bound=datetime)


class Timezone(tzinfo):
    """
    Represents a named timezone.

    The accepted names are those provided by the IANA time zone database.

    >>> from pendulum.tz.timezone import Timezone
    >>> tz = Timezone('Europe/Paris')
    """

    def __init__(self, name, extended=True):  # type: (str, bool) -> None
        tz = read(name, extend=extended)

        self._name = name
        self._transitions = tz.transitions
        self._hint = {True: None, False: None}

    @property
    def name(self):  # type: () -> str
        return self._name

    def convert(self, dt, dst_rule=None):  # type: (_D, Optional[str]) -> _D
        """
        Converts a datetime in the current timezone.

        If the datetime is naive, it will be normalized.

        >>> from datetime import datetime
        >>> from pendulum import timezone
        >>> paris = timezone('Europe/Paris')
        >>> dt = datetime(2013, 3, 31, 2, 30, fold=1)
        >>> in_paris = paris.convert(dt)
        >>> in_paris.isoformat()
        '2013-03-31T03:30:00+02:00'

        If the datetime is aware, it will be properly converted.

        >>> new_york = timezone('America/New_York')
        >>> in_new_york = new_york.convert(in_paris)
        >>> in_new_york.isoformat()
        '2013-03-30T21:30:00-04:00'
        """
        if dt.tzinfo is None:
            return self._normalize(dt, dst_rule=dst_rule)

        return self._convert(dt)

    def datetime(
        self, year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0
    ):  # type: (int, int, int, int, int, int, int) -> _datetime
        """
        Return a normalized datetime for the current timezone.
        """
        if _HAS_FOLD:
            return self.convert(
                datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, fold=1)
            )

        return self.convert(
            datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond),
            dst_rule=POST_TRANSITION,
        )

    def _normalize(self, dt, dst_rule=None):  # type: (_D, Optional[str]) -> _D
        sec = timestamp(dt)
        fold = 0
        transition = self._lookup_transition(sec)

        if not _HAS_FOLD and dst_rule is None:
            dst_rule = POST_TRANSITION

        if dst_rule is None:
            dst_rule = PRE_TRANSITION
            if dt.fold == 1:
                dst_rule = POST_TRANSITION

        if sec < transition.local:
            if transition.is_ambiguous(sec):
                # Ambiguous time
                if dst_rule == TRANSITION_ERROR:
                    raise AmbiguousTime(dt)

                # We set the fold attribute for later
                if dst_rule == POST_TRANSITION:
                    fold = 1
            elif transition.previous is not None:
                transition = transition.previous

        if transition:
            if transition.is_ambiguous(sec):
                # Ambiguous time
                if dst_rule == TRANSITION_ERROR:
                    raise AmbiguousTime(dt)

                # We set the fold attribute for later
                if dst_rule == POST_TRANSITION:
                    fold = 1
            elif transition.is_missing(sec):
                # Skipped time
                if dst_rule == TRANSITION_ERROR:
                    raise NonExistingTime(dt)

                # We adjust accordingly
                if dst_rule == POST_TRANSITION:
                    sec += transition.fix
                    fold = 1
                else:
                    sec -= transition.fix

        kwargs = {"tzinfo": self}
        if _HAS_FOLD or isinstance(dt, pendulum.DateTime):
            kwargs["fold"] = fold

        return dt.__class__(*local_time(sec, 0, dt.microsecond), **kwargs)

    def _convert(self, dt):  # type: (_D) -> _D
        if dt.tzinfo is self:
            return self._normalize(dt, dst_rule=POST_TRANSITION)

        if not isinstance(dt.tzinfo, Timezone):
            return dt.astimezone(self)

        stamp = timestamp(dt)

        if isinstance(dt.tzinfo, FixedTimezone):
            offset = dt.tzinfo.offset
        else:
            transition = dt.tzinfo._lookup_transition(stamp)
            offset = transition.ttype.offset

            if stamp < transition.local and transition.previous is not None:
                if (
                    transition.previous.is_ambiguous(stamp)
                    and getattr(dt, "fold", 1) == 0
                ):
                    pass
                else:
                    offset = transition.previous.ttype.offset

        stamp -= offset

        transition = self._lookup_transition(stamp, is_utc=True)
        if stamp < transition.at and transition.previous is not None:
            transition = transition.previous

        offset = transition.ttype.offset
        stamp += offset
        fold = int(not transition.ttype.is_dst())

        kwargs = {"tzinfo": self}

        if _HAS_FOLD or isinstance(dt, pendulum.DateTime):
            kwargs["fold"] = fold

        return dt.__class__(*local_time(stamp, 0, dt.microsecond), **kwargs)

    def _lookup_transition(
        self, stamp, is_utc=False
    ):  # type: (int, bool) -> Transition
        lo, hi = 0, len(self._transitions)
        hint = self._hint[is_utc]
        if hint:
            if stamp == hint[0]:
                return self._transitions[hint[1]]
            elif stamp < hint[0]:
                hi = hint[1]
            else:
                lo = hint[1]

        if not is_utc:
            while lo < hi:
                mid = (lo + hi) // 2
                if stamp < self._transitions[mid].to:
                    hi = mid
                else:
                    lo = mid + 1
        else:
            while lo < hi:
                mid = (lo + hi) // 2
                if stamp < self._transitions[mid].at:
                    hi = mid
                else:
                    lo = mid + 1

        if lo >= len(self._transitions):
            # Beyond last transition
            lo = len(self._transitions) - 1

        self._hint[is_utc] = (stamp, lo)

        return self._transitions[lo]

    @overload
    def utcoffset(self, dt):  # type: (None) -> None
        pass

    @overload
    def utcoffset(self, dt):  # type: (_datetime) -> timedelta
        pass

    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        if dt is None:
            return

        transition = self._get_transition(dt)

        return transition.utcoffset()

    def dst(
        self, dt  # type: Optional[_datetime]
    ):  # type: (...) -> Optional[timedelta]
        if dt is None:
            return

        transition = self._get_transition(dt)

        if not transition.ttype.is_dst():
            return timedelta()

        return timedelta(seconds=transition.fix)

    def tzname(self, dt):  # type: (Optional[_datetime]) -> Optional[str]
        if dt is None:
            return

        transition = self._get_transition(dt)

        return transition.ttype.abbreviation

    def _get_transition(self, dt):  # type: (_datetime) -> Transition
        if dt.tzinfo is not None and dt.tzinfo is not self:
            dt = dt - dt.utcoffset()

            stamp = timestamp(dt)

            transition = self._lookup_transition(stamp, is_utc=True)
        else:
            stamp = timestamp(dt)

            transition = self._lookup_transition(stamp)

            if stamp < transition.local and transition.previous is not None:
                fold = getattr(dt, "fold", 1)
                if transition.is_ambiguous(stamp):
                    if fold == 0:
                        transition = transition.previous
                elif transition.previous.is_ambiguous(stamp) and fold == 0:
                    pass
                else:
                    transition = transition.previous

        return transition

    def fromutc(self, dt):  # type: (_D) -> _D
        stamp = timestamp(dt)

        transition = self._lookup_transition(stamp, is_utc=True)
        if stamp < transition.at and transition.previous is not None:
            transition = transition.previous

        stamp += transition.ttype.offset

        return dt.__class__(*local_time(stamp, 0, dt.microsecond), tzinfo=self)

    def __repr__(self):  # type: () -> str
        return "Timezone('{}')".format(self._name)

    def __getinitargs__(self):  # type: () -> tuple
        return (self._name,)


class FixedTimezone(Timezone):
    def __init__(self, offset, name=None):
        sign = "-" if offset < 0 else "+"

        minutes = offset / 60
        hour, minute = divmod(abs(int(minutes)), 60)

        if not name:
            name = "{0}{1:02d}:{2:02d}".format(sign, hour, minute)

        self._name = name
        self._offset = offset
        self._utcoffset = timedelta(seconds=offset)

    @property
    def offset(self):  # type: () -> int
        return self._offset

    def _normalize(self, dt, dst_rule=None):  # type: (_D, Optional[str]) -> _D
        if _HAS_FOLD:
            dt = dt.__class__(
                dt.year,
                dt.month,
                dt.day,
                dt.hour,
                dt.minute,
                dt.second,
                dt.microsecond,
                tzinfo=self,
                fold=0,
            )
        else:
            dt = dt.__class__(
                dt.year,
                dt.month,
                dt.day,
                dt.hour,
                dt.minute,
                dt.second,
                dt.microsecond,
                tzinfo=self,
            )

        return dt

    def _convert(self, dt):  # type: (_D) -> _D
        if dt.tzinfo is not self:
            return dt.astimezone(self)

        return dt

    def utcoffset(self, dt):  # type: (Optional[_datetime]) -> timedelta
        return self._utcoffset

    def dst(self, dt):  # type: (Optional[_datetime]) -> timedelta
        return timedelta()

    def fromutc(self, dt):  # type: (_D) -> _D
        # Use the stdlib datetime's add method to avoid infinite recursion
        return (datetime.__add__(dt, self._utcoffset)).replace(tzinfo=self)

    def tzname(self, dt):  # type: (Optional[_datetime]) -> Optional[str]
        return self._name

    def __getinitargs__(self):  # type: () -> tuple
        return self._offset, self._name


class TimezoneFile(Timezone):
    def __init__(self, path):
        tz = read_file(path)

        self._name = ""
        self._transitions = tz.transitions
        self._hint = {True: None, False: None}


UTC = FixedTimezone(0, "UTC")