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Asynchronous client DNS
The functions exposed in this module can be used for asynchronous name
resolution and dns queries.
If you need to create a resolver with specific requirements, such as needing to
do queries against a particular host, the L{createResolver} function will
return an C{IResolver}.
Future plans: Proper nameserver acquisition on Windows/MacOS,
better caching, respect timeouts
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@ivar _waiting: A C{dict} mapping tuple keys of query name/type/class to
Deferreds which will be called back with the result of those queries.
This is used to avoid issuing the same query more than once in
parallel. This is more efficient on the network and helps avoid a
"birthday paradox" attack by keeping the number of outstanding requests
for a particular query fixed at one instead of allowing the attacker to
raise it to an arbitrary number.
@ivar _reactor: A provider of L{IReactorTCP}, L{IReactorUDP}, and
L{IReactorTime} which will be used to set up network resources and
track timeouts.
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Construct a resolver which will query domain name servers listed in
the C{resolv.conf(5)}-format file given by C{resolv} as well as
those in the given C{servers} list. Servers are queried in a
round-robin fashion. If given, C{resolv} is periodically checked
for modification and re-parsed if it is noticed to have changed.
@type servers: C{list} of C{(str, int)} or L{None}
@param servers: If not None, interpreted as a list of (host, port)
pairs specifying addresses of domain name servers to attempt to use
for this lookup. Host addresses should be in IPv4 dotted-quad
form. If specified, overrides C{resolv}.
@type resolv: C{str}
@param resolv: Filename to read and parse as a resolver(5)
configuration file.
@type timeout: Sequence of C{int}
@param timeout: Default number of seconds after which to reissue the
query. When the last timeout expires, the query is considered
failed.
@param reactor: A provider of L{IReactorTime}, L{IReactorUDP}, and
L{IReactorTCP} which will be used to establish connections, listen
for DNS datagrams, and enforce timeouts. If not provided, the
global reactor will be used.
@raise ValueError: Raised if no nameserver addresses can be found.
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Wrapper used for opening files in the class, exists primarily for unit
testing purposes.
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Return the address of a nameserver.
TODO: Weight servers for response time so faster ones can be
preferred.
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Return a new L{DNSDatagramProtocol} bound to a randomly selected port
number.
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Called by associated L{dns.DNSProtocol} instances when they connect.
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Called by associated L{dns.DNSProtocol} instances when they disconnect.
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Get a new L{DNSDatagramProtocol} instance from L{_connectedProtocol},
issue a query to it using C{*args}, and arrange for it to be
disconnected from its transport after the query completes.
@param args: Positional arguments to be passed to
L{DNSDatagramProtocol.query}.
@return: A L{Deferred} which will be called back with the result of the
query.
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Make a number of DNS queries via UDP.
@type queries: A C{list} of C{dns.Query} instances
@param queries: The queries to make.
@type timeout: Sequence of C{int}
@param timeout: Number of seconds after which to reissue the query.
When the last timeout expires, the query is considered failed.
@rtype: C{Deferred}
@raise C{twisted.internet.defer.TimeoutError}: When the query times
out.
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Make a number of DNS queries via TCP.
@type queries: Any non-zero number of C{dns.Query} instances
@param queries: The queries to make.
@type timeout: C{int}
@param timeout: The number of seconds after which to fail.
@rtype: C{Deferred}
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Extract results from the given message.
If the message was truncated, re-attempt the query over TCP and return
a Deferred which will fire with the results of that query.
If the message's result code is not C{twisted.names.dns.OK}, return a
Failure indicating the type of error which occurred.
Otherwise, return a three-tuple of lists containing the results from
the answers section, the authority section, and the additional section.
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Build a L{dns.Query} for the given parameters and dispatch it via UDP.
If this query is already outstanding, it will not be re-issued.
Instead, when the outstanding query receives a response, that response
will be re-used for this query as well.
@type name: C{str}
@type type: C{int}
@type cls: C{int}
@return: A L{Deferred} which fires with a three-tuple giving the
answer, authority, and additional sections of the response or with
a L{Failure} if the response code is anything other than C{dns.OK}.
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Fail all pending TCP DNS queries if the TCP connection attempt
fails.
@see: L{twisted.internet.protocol.ClientFactory}
@param connector: Not used.
@type connector: L{twisted.internet.interfaces.IConnector}
@param reason: A C{Failure} containing information about the
cause of the connection failure. This will be passed as the
argument to C{errback} on every pending TCP query
C{deferred}.
@type reason: L{twisted.python.failure.Failure}
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Create and return a Resolver.
@type servers: C{list} of C{(str, int)} or L{None}
@param servers: If not L{None}, interpreted as a list of domain name servers
to attempt to use. Each server is a tuple of address in C{str} dotted-quad
form and C{int} port number.
@type resolvconf: C{str} or L{None}
@param resolvconf: If not L{None}, on posix systems will be interpreted as
an alternate resolv.conf to use. Will do nothing on windows systems. If
L{None}, /etc/resolv.conf will be used.
@type hosts: C{str} or L{None}
@param hosts: If not L{None}, an alternate hosts file to use. If L{None}
on posix systems, /etc/hosts will be used. On windows, C:\windows\hosts
will be used.
@rtype: C{IResolver}
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/etc/hostszc:\windows\hostsr r )�resolverFactory)
r �getTyper � hostsModuler r r� r
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Get a Resolver instance.
Create twisted.names.client.theResolver if it is L{None}, and then return
that value.
@rtype: C{IResolver}
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Resolve a name to a valid ipv4 or ipv6 address.
Will errback with C{DNSQueryTimeoutError} on a timeout, C{DomainError} or
C{AuthoritativeDomainError} (or subclasses) on other errors.
@type name: C{str}
@param name: DNS name to resolve.
@type timeout: Sequence of C{int}
@param timeout: Number of seconds after which to reissue the query.
When the last timeout expires, the query is considered failed.
@type effort: C{int}
@param effort: How many times CNAME and NS records to follow while
resolving this name.
@rtype: C{Deferred}
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